Building Bridges
Lesson Plan

Overview: Have you ever wondered how bridges are built of tons of cement and wire cable and span across bodies of water? This lesson will introduce your students to the theories behind bridge building. The students will research through a scavenger hunt, observe experiments through a virtual lab, build a bridge on a virtual bridge building site then apply their knowledge to constructing their bridge.
Grade Level: Grades 7-9
Time Allotment:

4-5, 45 minute class periods

Materials:
National
Standards:

Science:

Standard 1: Understands forces of motion.
Understands effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on an object's motion (e.g., if more than one force acts on an object along a straight line, then the forces will reinforce or cancel one another, depending on their direction and magnitude; unbalanced forces such as friction will cause changes in the speed or direction on an object's motion)

Mathematics:

Standard 5: Understands and applies basic and advanced properties of the concepts of geometry
11. Uses properties of and relationships among figures to solve mathematical and real-world problems (e.g., uses the property that the sum of the angles in a quadrilateral is equal to 360 degrees to square up the frame for a building; uses understanding of arc, chord, tangents, and properties of circles to determine the radius given a circular edge of a circle without the center)

Standard 9: Understands the general nature and uses of mathematics
9. Understands that mathematics often stimulates innovations in science and technology

Technology:

Standard 1: Knows the characteristics and uses of computer hardware and operating systems
3. Connects via modem to other computer users via the internet, an on-line service, or bulletin board system

Standard 3: Understands the relationships among science, technology, society, and the individual
10. Knows that technology can benefit the environment by providing scientific information, providing new solutions to older problems, and reducing the negative consequences of existing technology (e.g., monitoring a habitat or measuring greenhouse gases, improving renewable energy sources, and creating scrubbers to improve coal-burning facilities)

Standard 6
: Understands the nature and uses of different forms of technology
7. Knows that construction design is influenced by factors such as building laws and codes, style, convenience, cost, climate, and function.

Objectives:

The learner will be able to:

  • identify types of bridges.
  • research information from the Internet to complete a scavenger hunt on bridges.
  • determine the correct type of bridge for a specific area.
  • correctly apply vocabulary words in diagrams.
  • construct a specified bridge with given materials.
  • diagram key points of a bridge.
 

Procedure:

1.
Pass out blank sheets of paper (can be manila) and have the students draw a picture of a bridge. Group the pictures according to the different types of bridges (arch, beam, suspension) without labeling the bridges. (This will be done later).
2.
Brainstorm by presenting the question: "How do bridges hold weight?" Record all answers down to refer to at a later time.
3.
Tell the students they will be participating in a Scavenger Hunt on bridges. While doing the scavenger hunt, important facts and vocabulary will be recorded.
4.
Pass out the eBuddies and the Building Bridges Scavenger Hunt and Building Bridges Vocabulary worksheets. (These can be done separately or together)
5.
Have the students access the website on the worksheets to complete the information. (Students can work individually or in groups).
6.
After completing the Scavenger Hunt, discuss the type of bridges that the students drew. Have them categorize them according to the type of bridge.
7.
Have the students use geometric terminology to label the bridge: (acute angle, angle, congruent, diagonal, edge, obtuse angle, parallel lines, parallelogram, perpendicular line, polygon, quadrilateral, right angle, straight angle, trapezoid)
8.
Access the following website to do the virtual experiments:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/lab/forces.html
have students do the virtual experiments as well as see real life examples.
9.
Have the students access the following virtual bridge-building site to construct the correct type of bridge for a specific area.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/bridge/challenge/index.html
10.
Have the students complete the Comparison Chart on bridges using the following website:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/bridge/index.html
from this site the students can go to the links of individual bridges.
11.
After the students have worked through the websites, give them materials to construct their own bridge. You may want the students to diagram their bridge on graphing paper prior to construction.
12.
Have a contest to see which bridge holds the most weight.
Evaluation: 1. Scavenger, Vocabulary and Database Worksheets
2. Time on Task-student participation.
3. Construction of bridge
Resources:

The Bridge Challenge; http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/bridge/challenge/index.html
How Bridges Work: http://www.howstuffworks.com/bridge.htm
Building Big Bridges: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/bridge/index.html

Other Available Links
The Basic Bridge Types: http://www.matsuo-bridge.co.jp/english/bridges/index.shtm
Fun and Learning About Bridges: http://www.bridgesite.com/funand.htm
Bridge Building: The Topic: Bridge Building; http://eduscapes.com/42explore/bridge.htm
Bridge Research, Building the Way to the Future:
http://www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/summer95/p95su23.htm
John Hopkins Virtual Lab; Bridge Designer; http://www.jhu.edu/virtlab/bridge/truss.htm
Newton's Apple: Bridges, http://www.pbs.org/ktca/newtons/12/bridges.html

 
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